Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Maryada Roy ², Mohammad Ahmad ³, Mohammad Imtiyaz Ahmad ¹, Irfan Aziz ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Integral University, Department of Pharmacy, Bas-ha Kursi Road, Dashauli, Uttar Pradesh 226026, IN

Abstract

Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human aliment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and the elderly. Many of these infections run their natural course in older children and in adults without specific treatment and without complications. However, in young infants, small children and in the elderly, or in persons with impaired respiratory tract reserves, it increases the morbidity and mortality rates. Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in childhood, comprising as many as 50% of all illnesses in children less than 5 years old and 30% in children aged 5 - 12 years. Multiple factors determine the frequency and nature of these illnesses. These include host factors, environmental factors and infecting agents. The common acute respiratory tract infections will be individually discussed, highlighting the diagnostic features and current management guidelines.

Keywords

Morbidity, Mortality, Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.

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Mohammad Yaqub Khan ¹, Irfan Aziz ¹, Imtiyaz Ahmad ¹, Maryada Roy ², Vikas Kumar Verma ³

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Arthritis is one of the major problems in older age. There are about as many herbal remedies for arthritis as there are arthritis sufferers. Most work by improving the circulation, and encourage fluid elimination. Inflammation due arthritis is mediated through many primary and secondary mediators. Interleukins and TNF-α are one of these mediators. Antiinflammatory agents are used in arthritis widely. A large flora of herbal medicines is available in traditional medicine and basic scientific research has provided an understanding of the efficacy of these remedies in treating arthritis. In recent years, there has been boom in research and industries focusing on herbal remedies to treat a variety of diseases including arthritis. Several developments in clinical studies in carefully designed clinical trials have made the way easier to include herbs as arthritis therapy. This review is focused on the potential role of herbs in treating arthritis and prospects for the future.

Keywords

Herbal Remedies, Natural Cure, Arthritis.

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Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Maryada Roy ², Imtiyaz Ahmad ¹, Irfan Aziz ¹, Manju Panday ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: Formulation and Evaluation of Efavirenz 600 mg Tablet.

Methodology: Accurately weighed amount of selected additive concentrates (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6) representing 600 mg equivalent of drug was mixed with directly compressible excipients i.e. Croscarmellose Sodium and Sodium Starch Glycolate as superdisintegrants, Talcum as diluents and microcrystalline cellulose as diluents. Obtained mixture was subjected for wet granulation. Water was added and mixed thoroughly to form dough mass. The mass was passed through mesh no. 12 to obtain wet granulation. The wet granules were dried at 60° C for 4 hours. Dried granules were passed through mesh no. 16 to break aggregates. Lubricants talcum and magnesium stearates were passed through mesh no. 100 on to dry granules and blended in a closed polyethylene bag. The tablet granules were compressed by using 16 station tablet compression machine (electrical Motor-Crompton Greaves and A.C. Drives-Siemens) to a hardness of 5-6 kg/cm2 using 9 mm flat punches. In each case 500 tablets were compressed. Prepared tablets were collected in a poly bag.

Results: Evaluation of developed formulation for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters was found to be within pharmacopoeial limits.

Pre-compression parameters of the formulation- Pre-compression parameters were characterized on the basis of their physical parameters. Bulk density (0.338 g/ml), Tapped density (0.458 g/ml), Compressibility ratio (23.89 %), Hausner's ratio (1.38).

Post-compression parameters: Weight variation, hardness and friability pass U.S.P. specification. Tablets of all formulation showed good physical appearance, disintegration test indicated that the tablets of all formulation were dissolved in desire time. Disintegration time of all the formulation have to be less than 45 minute. Disintegration time of the various formulation were found in following order in min F5 (8.10±0.39)>F6 (8.15±0.42)>F3 (8.33±0.43)> F2 (8.35±0.46)> F4 (8.37±0.47)> F1 (8.40±0.43).

This is due to F5 and F6 contain maximum concentration of superdisintegrants (CCS-8.5%, SSG-9.2%), than followed by other formulation. Weight variation tests, hardness and friability test indicated that, tablets of all formulation were having good compactness and mechanical strength and passes U.S.P. specification.

In-vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release rate of Efavirenz coated tablets were found to be in following order F6>F5>F4>F3>F2>F1. This is due to F6 contain maximum concentration of superdisintegrants concentration.

Keywords

Efavirenz, Superdisintegrants, Weight Variation.

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Mohammad Yaqub Khan ¹, Irfan Aziz ¹, Imtiyaz Ahmad ¹, Maryada Roy ²

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The vagina is an important application site for drug delivery, especially for local therapy of different diseases, such as bacterial, fungal and protozoa infections, for HIV prevention, delivery of contraceptives, spermicides or labor-inducers and for the treatment of precancerous lesions. It may also serve an alternative route for systemic drug delivery. In recent years, the vaginal route has been rediscovered as a potential route for systemic delivery of peptides and other therapeutically important macromolecules. A great deal of interest has been notice in the design and application of different dosage forms via the vaginal route. Several studies have proven that the vagina is an effective route for drug administration intended mainly for local action, but systemic effects of some drugs also can be attained. The major advantages of this route include accessibility, good blood supply, the ability to bypass first-pass liver metabolism, and permeability to large molecular weight drugs, such as peptides and proteins. This review, therefore, summarizes various vaginal drug delivery systems with an introduction to vaginal physiology and factors affecting drug absorption from the vaginal route.

Keywords

Macromolecules, Vaginal.

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Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Maryada Roy ², Brijesh Kumar Saroj ³, Sudhakar Dubey ¹, Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002 UP, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, UP, IN
3 Goel Institutes of Pharmacy and Sciences, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

Panchgavya is a term used to describe five major substances, obtained from cow, which include cow's urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung. All the five products possess medicinal properties against many disorders and are used for the medicinal purpose singly or in combination with some other herbs. This kind of treatment is called Panchgavya therapy or cowpathy. Panchgavya Therapy has been proposed as an alternate prophylactic and therapeutic approach for sound livestock and poultry health along with safeguarding human health. Its antimicrobial properties have gained the attention of the medical and veterinary professionals. Cow urine concoction (CUC) is having anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic effects; and useful against liver disorders and fever; inflammations and anemia. Cow milk is considered as a healthy food and is found to be effective in curing fever and pain; tumors; diabetes; kidney disorders and weaknesses and importantly act as a medium to administer medicine. Curd (dahi) is a blood purifier, and found useful in blood related problems; piles and gastro-intestinal disorders. Cow ghee has immunostimulatory properties. The application of cow dung to kill the germs of malaria and tuberculosis along with its antifungal properties require special mention. The Panchgavya products also show many other applications viz. excellent agricultural applications in the form of biofertilizers, vermicompost and biopesticides, which improves soil fertility and provide food grains free from the health hazards of using chemical fertilizers/pesticides. A systematic work needs to be carried out on chemical nature, biological activity, microbiology and pharmaceutical aspects and mechanism of bioactive compounds in Panchgavya. In the past due emphasis has not been given to the cow therapy which needs attention of scientific community.

Keywords

Panchgavya, Cow Urine Concoction, Curd.

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